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デビッド・バーカーの英語と仲直りブログ:スペースアルク
 

2009年2月 2日

Answer to the quiz

Hi everyone,

It's nice to see that we have some more new members. I hope you will all become regular contributors.

The quiz I set last week was actually quite difficult. Most of you got the basic sentence pattern correct, but no one wrote it exactly the way I would write it. If you think of the whole meaning of the sentence, I think the best translation would be...

"What would you do if you knew that the world was going to end tomorrow?"

Some people would say that is incorrect because it should be 'if the world were going to end', but most native speakers would probably say it as I have written it above because the subjunctive is slowly dying out of spoken English.

Some of you wrote 'if the world would end tomorrow'. I guess that you were thinking of 'will end' and then using the past tense, but if you were talking in the present, it would be more natural to say 'the world is going to end tomorrow', so to make the past tense, you just change 'is going to' to 'was going to'.

'Will' and 'going to' can both be used to make predictions about the future, but 'going to' is normally used when there is some evidence in the present that makes us think we can see into the future. For example, if there are a lot of black clouds in the sky, you would say 'I think it is going to rain.' 'I think it will rain' would sound unnatural.

The example of the world ending is tricky because we don't know why the speaker thinks that it is going to happen, but the end of the world is not something that you would predict unless you had a real reason for doing so, so 'going to' sounds more natural. Sorry I can't give a better explanation than that, but the difference between these two ways of talking about the future is very blurred in English, and even experts don't really understand it. As learners, once you have understood the basics, you just have to develop a sense of how they are used.

I will try and think of another quiz for you later this week. All our exams have finished now, so I have more time to focus on getting all the books ready. I am ahead of schedule at the moment, so I can afford to relax a little bit.

Speak to you soon,

David

Comments

Hi David and everyone,

David,
The best translation, "What would you do if you knew that the world was going to end tomorrow?"
is very simple and understandable for me, just now. However, as for Japanese, English learner, to think like that directely and talking about the future is very blurred in English, as you said.

Your easy explanation strangely leads me understand, but I probably can not write the correct sentence at next time without your advice, because I haven't sence of subjunctive in English. Therefore, I have to set of verb form in grammar, but that grammar is really difficult for me.
Anyway, thank you for your explain. I look forward next your quiz.

everyone,
Mt. Asama erupted late at night of yesterday and its smoke has sheeted the roof of my car today's afternoon.

Bye for now,

Kiyoko

Hi David,

Thank you for your explanation! I understand it.
As you say, I should have thought of the whole meaning of the sentence simply. But it was good practice for me and I'm looking forward to the next quiz.;-)

Talk to you soon!

Maki

Hi David,
Thank you for your explanation. The answer is really simple. I would remember that if I knew the sun was going to rise in the west.

Hi Misty,
I'm sorry to bother you. Now I understand what you meant. Now I could eat a horse!

Hi everyone,
I'm going to write about my question. I've been obsessed with it.

'That versus It'

I've seen "That's it. " but I haven't seen "It's that."
Can anyone explain why ?

Appoh

Hi Everyone,

I watched BBC news in this morning, Mt. Asama erupted. How is it now? Take care kiyoko

It has been snowing since last night in England. but there wasn't much snow on the ground yet. If I stayed in Japan I would send my sons off to school. My sons were absent from school today just in case. According forecast snow is going to fall at night.

Appho,
Were you talking about 西からお日様が上がるなんて非現実的 なこと ですよね。 あり得ない話のとに’was going to’を使うのでしょうか?Davidも非現実的な用法として、‘was going to' を使ったのでしょうか?

If +主語+ were to の用法はどんな場面で使えばいいのでしょうか?

Hi David,

Thank you for your explanation. I understand that 'going to' sounds more natural in this case. The quiz was difficult, but it was interesting, and I enjoyed it.
Anyway, I'm glad to hear that you can afford to relax even a little bit. Look forward to trying the next quiz.

Hi Appoh,
I have seen "It's that ○○.", but I haven't seen "It's that.", either. Hmm, I can't think of anything at the moment..

Hi Riko,
Rikoの質問についてはまた明日考えるね~。

See you tomorrow,

Tomo

Were you talking about 西からお日様が上がるなんて非現実的 なこと ですよね。 あり得ない話のとに’was going to’を使うのでしょうか?Davidも非現実的な用法として、‘was going to' を使ったのでしょうか?

↑は多分そうであろう(非現実的)話としてお二人は使ったと思うのですが、'was going to' は私の文法書で見た事なかったので、 tomo考えてくれるなんてうれしいよ〜!

私はほぼ誰かの説明を期待してるだけです。

Hi David,

Thank you for your explanation about the difference between "going to " and "will", and I think I understood your explanation, but to be honest, still I don't think I understood clearly why "going to" was more natural; I hit the google about both "the world is going to end." and "the world will end .", and see both sentences. After reading your entry, I read your book「英語じょうずになる事典」 and "Preactical English Usag" , but I'm a bit confused now, and am still thinking about it, but as you said, I know I have to develop a sense of how they are used. Thanks for the interesting quiz and looking forward to another one.

Hi Riko,
How is the weather and the traffic in London? I watched the news about a heavy snow there.

Hi Kiyoko,
The bolcanic ash has fallen in various prefectures.
I hope the eruption would not happen again.

Hi Appoh,
I understand "that's it." as an idiom, and that's it, so "It's that".... hmmm...?

Have a nice day,

Anne

Hi everyone,
Martin Luther King Jr. said, “Even if I knew the world would end tomorrow, I would plant a tree today.”, I guess, from the legend of Jonny Appleseed. I guess this way of saying is more magnificent than the one of ‘was going to’? Not for just T-shirts?

Hi Anne,
A man having a tattoo 鬼 on his arm? He might think it’s cool as you said. Weird…!

Hi Riko,

もしも話の基本レシピは、《 If + 主語 + 過去形, 主語 + would + 動詞の原形 / 主語 + would + 動詞の原形 + If + 主語 + 過去形 》 だから、"What would you do if you knew that the world was going to end tomorrow?" この文は、‘What would you do if you knew that...’(もし、that 以下だと知ったらどうする?) if you knew までで、もう「もしも話」になってるでしょ? that 以下はおまけというか、その状況によっていろんな形になると思うんだよね。 例えば・・

① What would you do if you knew that your boyfriend was going to date another girl? (もし、彼が他の女の子とデートしようとしてると知ったらどうする?)

② What would you do if you saw your boyfriend dating another girl? (もし、彼が他の女の子とデートしてるのを見ちゃったらどうする?)

③ What would you do if you knew that your boyfriend had cheated on you? (もし、彼が浮気したことがあるって知ったらどうする?)

①はまだ未遂で、②は現場を見ちゃった!で、③は過去の過ち。 こういう「もしも話」なら girls' talk でありそうだよね(笑) というわけで、がんばって例文を考えたから、①~③の質問に答えてね~!

Tomo

PS ‘If +主語+ were to’ についてはまた後でね。(これについてはただの私のイメージしか言えないけど。。)

Hi David,
To tell the truth, when I read the sentence "What should we do if the world will end tomorrow?" in the last entry, I didn't notice that it was wrong, so if you had not pointed out it, I would have thought it was correct. I referred to your book and I thought that sentence.
The best translation is "What would you do if you knew that the world was going to end tomorrow?"? This sentence is very easy to understand, but the difference between "will" and "be going to" is very difficult to understnad, so I can't still understand it well, now. I must more make sentences to understand it, right? Thanks for giving us a chance to think that expression. I'm looking forward to your next quiz.

Hi kiyoko,
I watched the TV news that Mt. Asama erupted. You live near it? I hope that the volcano calm down soon.

Hi everyone,
Did you have a nice weekend? Last Saturday night, I went to watch the movie "マンマ・ミーア!". The movie is a musical movie, and all of the songs which are used in the movie are songs of ABBA. I used to listen to the songs of ABBA, so I love ABBA. (I hardly understood the meaning of lyrics of that songs at that time, though.) When I watched the movie, I was surprised that the lyrics of that songs perfectly matched with that movie. It was very happy movie, so I recommend watching it.

See you soon,

Amica

Hi David,

There is one thing I'm still confused about your explanation...

>> 'Will' and 'going to' can both be used to make predictions about the future, but 'going to' is normally used when there is some evidence in the present that makes us think we can see into the future. For example, if there are a lot of black clouds in the sky, you would say 'I think it is going to rain.' 'I think it will rain' would sound unnatural...

I thought "will" was the one which has the nuance of you have evidence that something is going to happen. If so, then your third paragraph totally make sense...

I'm feeling like brain dead today... (>Hi David,

There is one thing I'm still confused about your explanation...

>> 'Will' and 'going to' can both be used to make predictions about the future, but 'going to' is normally used when there is some evidence in the present that makes us think we can see into the future. For example, if there are a lot of black clouds in the sky, you would say 'I think it is going to rain.' 'I think it will rain' would sound unnatural...

I thought "will" was the one which has the nuance of you have evidence that something is going to happen. If so, then your third paragraph totally make sense...

I'm feeling like brain dead today... (>

Hi again Riko,

If +主語+ were to は、このブログで覚えた表現なんだけど、私はまだ使ったことがないので、正直言ってあんまりよく分かってないんだよね。

私の覚えてる限りでは、2回くらいDavidが使ったのを見たんだけど、一つは・・

① If you were to say 'thank you' to your own mother for just one thing, what would it be?
「もし、自分の母親に一つだけ‘ありがとう’と言うとしたら、それは何ですか?」

② Even if I were to correct her entries, there would not really be much for me to correct.
「もし仮に私が彼女のコメントを直すとしても、直す所はあんまりない」

私が覚えてるのはこれだけだから、全然情報が足りないんだけど、何となく、非現実的な(ありそうもない)‘もしも’より、実際にするかどうかは別として、「もし、仮にするとしたら・・」、というニュアンスなのかな・・と思ってたんだよね。 でもさっき現代英語用法辞典の説明を見たらちょっと違うみたい。

『if ... was/were to
これもまた非現実的な、あるいは想像上の未来の出来事について述べる方法でもある。

If the boss was/were to come in now, we'd be in real trouble.(=If the boss came...)
「ボスが今入ってきたら、われわれは大変なことになるだろうな」

この構文を用いて提案をより間接的なものにし、したがって、丁寧な感じを与えることが可能である。

If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down.
「椅子をちょっと動かしてくだされば、みんなが座れるのですが」

この構文は be や know のような状態を表す動詞とともには用いることができない。』

だそうです。 何かピンとくる? 私は半分くらいかなぁ・・。 ちょっとだけ持ってたイメージが、説明読んだらくずれたから(笑) was/were については、今回のエントリーにDavidの説明があるからそれを読んでね。 もし、①、②の例文を実際に読んでみたかったら、どのエントリーにあるか教えるけど。。(②の文はAnneがよく覚えてると思うよ。 ですよね、Anne?)

ところで、‘was going to’についてだけど、私は、Rikoの疑問は単純に「どうして仮定の話なのに 'be going to' の形?」というものだと思ったので、状況によっては「これから起こるだろうとしたらの‘もしも’」(was going to)とか、「しているとしたらの‘もしも’」(was doing / 知覚動詞 + somebody + doing)とか、「起きてしまったとしたらの‘もしも’」(had done)とかもあり得ると思うって言いたかったんだけど、通じたかな? or もしかしたらRikoの疑問を誤解してる? その場合は、また一緒に考えてみるから言ってね。


Hi Kunchan,
I think 'going to' is the one which has the nuance of you have evidence that something is going to happen.
私は、be going to は、もうその状況に向かってるイメージがあるんですよね。 なので、雨の話なら、「雨が降りそう・雨になりそう」みたいなニュアンスを感じるんです。 ‘なりそう’ってことは、そう思うだけの evidence があるという事だと思うのですが、どうでしょうか・・?(とりあえず、約束通りトライしました^^)

Hi David,
Thank you for the answer and the explanation.
I didn't know that the subjunctive was slowly dying
out of spoken English.

I made the sentence:What would you do if the world were over tomorrow? あんまり深く考えずに作りましたが、たぶん頭のどこかに仮定法のwere to があったんだと思います。
I know that the language has been changing with times.
Can I say "If I was you,~" instead of "If I were you,~" at the moment? Or it isn't acceptable yet?

As for the difference between "will" and "going to",
I read your book「英語じょうずになる事典」page22~24
again,but it's still blurred as to the expression of
"世界が終わったら". I've come up to the end that David said that even experts didn't really understand it, no wonder I could understand it.
So all I can do is just memorize it and use it when I need to say that.

While reading your book, another question came up to me. " Subject +will + be +~ing " How do you use this form? Is this usage similar to the usage of the
present continuous tense to talk about definite future plans and arrangements?

Hi everyone,

Sorry that 'will' and 'going to' are so confusing, but that's just the way it is, I'm afraid. 'The world will end' would not be incorrect, and in some contexts, it might be better, but in the example we were discussing, I think that 'going to' sounds more natural.

Kunchan - 'going to' is the one that is used when you can see evidence of what is going to happen in the future. Have you heard it explained the other way around?

Hi, David,

You mentioned in your entry named 'a quiz', ‘"What should we do if the world will end tomorrow?" I'm guessing that this is a word-for-word translation of something like もしこの世界が明日終わったらどうする?’
I suppose once many Japanese the Japanese sentence, it is difficult for us to imagine the phrase, ‘if you knew that …’ in this case. That’s why Tomo-san said, ‘(もし、that 以下だと知ったらどうする?)’

Hence I though the answer is ‘What would you do if the world came to the end tomorrow?’ or ‘What would you do if the world was end tomorrow?’ , and so on as some people wrote.

Of course, I can’t understand your answer, "What would you do if you knew that the world was going to end tomorrow?"
It is very easy to understand.
I reckon that this quiz is very interesting. However translation is very difficult.

Anyway, I'm looking forward to your next quiz.

See ya.

Hi Gussan,

I chose this sentence because it is particularly difficult to translate. It is one of those sentences where you have to add something to the English that is not in the Japanese if you want it to be understood in the same way. If you said 'What would you do if the world came to an end tomorrow?' the grammar would be correct, but the meaning would be strange. If you think about it, the answer to that question would have to be 'I would die, along with everyone else'.

Bye for now,

David

Hi David and everyone,
I've been thinking about "will" and "going to" today, and I think I understood it now. One more thing I thought it was interesting and new to me was the expresstion"if I knew"; I had no idea about this expresstion when I made a sentence "もし明日世界が~"and as David mentined his comment above , it is difficult for us to add something to the English, and it was really helpful for me ,and it was"目から鱗”situation!
>Tomo,
Of course ,I do remember every single word!
>Amica,
"マンマミーア" is one of the movies I'm going to watch.
>Qchan,
ただいま考えまとめ中、Speak to you later!

Bye for now,

Anne

Hi David,
Now I understand well why my sentences are strange. Thanks again for your explanation!

Hi Amica,
You've watched "Mamma Mia!"?! I'm really interested in it, as I've seen the musical before. I'd like to watch the movie, but unfortunately we can't do it near here...
Anyway, it's so nice to know that you enjoyed it very mcuh! ;-)

By for now,

Maki

Hi David,
'I would die, along with everyone else', indeed! When I saw your answer to the question, I realized that I should have added 'if you knew' because we were talking about 'the world end' which was going to happen. It was difficult and tricky, but thanks to this example, I learned how to make those sentences.
As for the difference between 'going to' and 'will', I chose 'going to' when I talk about 予定 or 計画, and I chose 'will' when I talk about その場で決めたこと or 自分の意思. It's not that difficult, but I think 'will' and 'going to' are really difficult when they are used to make predictions about the future. As you said, I have to develop a sense of how they are used.

Hi Appoh,
'That versus It' について。。
that と it の違いは考えたことがありますが、‘That's it.’と‘It's that.’は考えたことがないですね~。 ‘It's that.’は聞いたことがないし・・。 that は it に比べるともっと‘それ’という意味が強いですよね。 もう‘That's it.’に慣れてるので、その逆だと雰囲気が出ないというか、変な気がする、くらいしか言えないです(笑)

Hi Q chan,
ず~っと前に誰かが、ただの will do と will be doing の違いを質問したことがあって、その時の答えは、意味は同じだけど、ing を使った方がカジュアルな言い方だと思う、だったよ。

Hi Gussan,
Nice to hear from you again. 日本語は色々とカットしてしまう言葉なので、英語に直す時は難しいですね~。

See you soon,

Tomo

【訂正】

chose → choose
'o' が足りなかったです。。

Hi David,

Thank you for your detailed explanation again.
I know that "もしこの世界が明日終わったらどうする?" is a perfect sentense in Japanese and I'm sure we can get exactly the meaning of it.

However, I'm thinking this sentense is not logical or meaningless even in Japanese. I mean we have no choice and we only answer "死んで何もできないよ。" as you mentioned in English case.

Therefore, we should ask "もしこの世界が明日終わると知ったらどうする?". This sentense seems to be completely correct in grammar and logic but actually I don't think we usually say like this. It's OK but it's not common. We might unconciously add some words needed to be perfect. I think that's one of excellent features of Japanse language, flexibility. Mmm...it's really difficult for me to use another language naturally.

Appoh

Hi Tomo,
Thanks a lot.
いつも本当にありがとうございます。that と it の違いを考えたことあるんですか?是非、教えて下さい
実は、前段で述べられた内容を受ける時、thatだったり、itが使われたりして、自分で使おうとした時、どっちがいいのかちょっと困ることがあるんです。That sounds great. It's really impressive. のような時ですね。実務上は取り違えても全く問題はないと思っていますが、折角なのでわかったらな~と思った次第です。

were to do はTomoの解説に賛成ですが、これも実務上は覚えなくても問題なさそうな用法でしょうね。日本語の学習者が「いづくんぞ~や」を覚える必要がないのと同じで。

was going to は knew に対する時制の一致かな? 仮定を表しているのはknewだけで、thatの中身の部分はオカズみたいなもの。knewに引っ張られて過去形になってしまっただけかな?そんな風に解釈したなあ。

Appoh

Nice to meet you,David.
I'm Hiro.
This is my first comment.

It was so interesting quiz,
and it is difficult.
I don't understand why "was going to" is used in this case.
As you mentioned, "be going to" is used when there is some intentions or reasons in the present that cause the event that happenes in the future.

I learned that when you say about things the possibility is small,you should use "were to " or "should".
For example, "If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not change my mind." like that.
In this case, it is about the thing that are not likely to happen.That's why my answer is going to be :
If the world should end tomorrow, what would you do?
or
If the world were to end tomorrow, what would you do?
Are these unnatural for native speakers?

Anyway, thank you for giving us such a nice opportunity to think about English.
I'm looking for the next quiz.

Hi Amica,
You can dance, you can jive, having the time of your life...♪
That reminds me of my school days...
(Why did I use not "it" but "that",Tomo ?)

Appoh

みなさん、おはようございます。

最近、うもれてしまっているkazuです。(^_^;)
it that についてたまたまテレビをみてなるほどと思ったことを
自分なりにまとめてみました。以下です。

代名詞と指示詞

代名詞it one と 指示詞 this that

代名詞のit やoneは何らかの情報の代わりをする、先取りする。
(あなたが考えているその事柄)をit で受ける。先取りする。
It is difficult to explaine that.
It =(私が考えているその事柄を先取り) を 説明する事は難しいです。

this that はものを直接さす言葉 (指で直接指し示す)これ あれ それ

that's it それだ
 That'sそれ(指をさして) it (私が今まで考えて来た事柄 ) だ is


代名詞と指示詞と言う言葉にヒントがあるように感じました。
うまく説明できませんが感覚的にわかるような気がします。
何かの参考になればと思い投稿しました。

Hi David,

My dictionary (英英 - Cobuild) says; 1. You use “will” to indicate that you hope, think, or have evidence that something is going to happen or be the case in the future.

For “going to”, it says; 1. If you say that something “is going to” happen, you mean that it will happen in the future, usually quite soon.

I guess, in this case, that “you mean” part is the trick(?!) Or maybe simply because we are talking out “quite soon” as in tomorrow instead of

Suppose you knew the weather forecast indicated today’s chance of rain is 65%, then “I think it will rain” sounds ok, doesn’t it? Maybe it’s just where I live. :) We speak Texan, not English. Actually, it maybe an interesting thing to find out. I may give this quiz to my friends and co-workers. :)

BTW, I’m enjoying the quiz! I can’t wait for the next one. :)

Hi Tomo,
チャレンジありがと~(^^) 前のエントリーで言いたかったのはもしwillがevidenceを含むとしたら、be going toを使うのはありえない状況を仮定する場合に使用するということで説明にも納得がいくと言う事。解かるかなぁ。雨の例でも”It’s going to rain” は「降りそう」と言う意味では近未来を話してますよね。 その場合は“It will rain.”とは言いませんが、もう少し先の話で「雨降るよ」みたいな感じだったら不自然ではないと思うんですよ。言い方によっては「「絶対降る」って感じで”It WILL rain! The weather report said so.”もおかしくないし。説明できたかなぁ…以前日本語のリハビリ中ですねと言われた事があるんですよ~。Davidの言ったとおりエキスパートでも理解しにくいと言うことなのであまり悩まない方が良いのかもね。(笑)

Hi Amica!
私も”Mamma Mia!”大好きです!こっちはもうDVDが出てるんだけど、人気が高いせいか値段が落ちない。我が家はDVDはお値打ちなセールじゃないと買わない主義。(そう、ケチなんです。笑)だから、いつ買える事か。

Tomo,
お礼が遅れてごめんなさい。Tomoの説明にも感心しちゃったけど、いつDavidがそれを使ったかってことも把握しているなんて、すごい!文法的には、

If the world were to end tomorrow what would you do?
If the world ended tomorrow what would you do?
この二つしかネイティブの先生に聞かなかったけど、問題ないようです。もちろん、Davidのも見せました!you knew ってのが他の例文にないからね。 まあ一番自然って言っても、全部のネイティブがそう言う訳ではないでしょうから、新しい言い方を発見したと思います。

Mamma Mia私は飛行機の中で見ました。メリル・ストリープこのおばちゃんがダンスして歌うんだ〜って。余談ですが、藤原紀香もミュージカルするんですよね。番組で本番さながらに見せてくれたのですが、すごく上手だったよ〜。

Hi Rico,
Thank you for your kind words. Did you watch Mt. Asama's news on BBC? First I was surprised to know it because my son has lived in Nagano Prifecture, but the eruption died down now.

Exactlly, this blog is wonderful, global, and international, isn't it? These days, While commenting or watching CNN in website, I've used to take a global view of many kinds of crisis in the world.

What would your sons do when they were absent from school on heavy snowing day?
When my children were absent from school, I had a happy time with sliding nearby the snowed small hill using cardboard. I really enjoyed the snow with them.

Hi everyone,
Did you scatter beans for the day before the beginning of spring on yesterday? Today is the first day of spring! Then I'm looking forward to expanding the cherry blossom's buds day by day, when I walk under the cherry trees along the river.

See you,

Kiyoko

Hi Tomo,
Thank you for your answer.
そうでしたか、以前に話題になったことがあるんですね。
ちゃんと覚えているTomoはえらいなぁ。ありがとう。疑問解消。
Davidにはスルーされてしまいましたが。。。

Hi Hiro,
Welcome to the blog!

Hi Appoh,
『was going to は knew に対する時制の一致かな?』←今は仮定法の‘were’はだんだんなくなってきているということなので、私はそう考える事にしました。 その方が後半部分を作りやすかったので。

さて、that と it ですが。。 『前段で述べられた内容を受ける時、thatだったり、itが使われたりして、自分で使おうとした時、どっちがいいのかちょっと困ることがあるんです』←私も同じです。 どっちでもいい時もあるし、こっちじゃないとおかしい、という時もありますよね。
Davidの新しい本にそれについての解説が載っているのでちょこっとだけ紹介します。(全部の説明を読みたかったら、本屋さんへgo!(笑))

『ポイント: it は強調していない代名詞、強調するには this か that を使う。

it は「特別に強調していない」言い方です。 it を使うのは、単に同じ言葉をもう一度繰り返さなくていいように省略するため、要するに発言全体がくどく聞こえないようするためであることが多いのです。 一方、this/that は「それ」と指し示すために使います。』

なので、Kazuの解釈は合ってると思います。 でも、語学の疑問には、説明を聞いてすぐに使えるようになるものと、説明は理解できてもその感覚をつかむまではダメなものがあると思うんですよね。 that と it の違いは、後者だと思います。
実はこの質問は、私がこのブログにに参加した頃、Davidに聞いてみた質問なのですが、その時の回答は「that と it の違いはかなり微妙です」でした。 これは説明すると長くなるし、説明を聞いたからといってすぐに分かるものじゃないからだと思います。 その後は自分なりにどうやって使われてるのか気をつけて(というより、自然と目に付くようになったので)、自分の中の感覚が育つのを待つことにしたのですが、何となく、that は it よりももっと積極的に‘それ’と言っていて、意味も強いなぁ・・という感覚が分かってきました。 以下は私のイメージです。

It's a good idea. (いい考えだね)
That's a good idea! (それはいい考えだね!)

I can't believe it. (信じられない)
I can't believe that! (そんなの信じられない!)

It's because... (~だからだよ)
That's because... (それはね、~なんだよ・だからこそ、~なんだよ)

It's not fair! (ずるいよ!)
That's not fair! (そんなのずるいよ!)

That's really something! (それはすごいね!・大したもんだね!)

最後のは it だと雰囲気が出ないなぁ・・という気がします。(it もありだとは思いますが) that の例に『!』を付けたのはただの私のイメージで、もちろんピリオドでもいいと思います。

ずっと前に、ブログのコメントで I didn't know it. と書いたことがあるんです。 私は、否定文での that に‘そんなの’というイメージを持っていたので、「そんなの知らない」という風に受け取られたくないなぁ、と思って it にしたのですが、これは、I didn't know that. が正しい言い方だと re-write してもらいました。(実はこの例文は本にも載ってます) それからはちょっと行き過ぎてしまったイメージを修正中です。

‘Why did I use not "it" but "that",Tomo ?’- Because you stressed ‘それ’, I guess.

Tomo

長くなったので、とりあえずこれだけ。。

Hi Kunchan,
再びチャレンジします^^ Kunchanの言いたい事はちゃんと通じてます。 日本語のリハビリは完了では?(笑)

『言い方によっては「「絶対降る」って感じで”It WILL rain! The weather report said so.”もおかしくないし』←私もおかしくないと思います。 でも、これはその時に空がどんよりしてたり、雨雲があったりという客観的な evidence がなくても、天気予報を信じるなら、太陽が出てても言える一言ですよね。

私は、'going to' と 'will' の違いは、客観的か、主観的かじゃないかなぁ・・という気がしてるのですが、どうでしょうか。。(←でもまったく自信なしです) 主語が人じゃない例だと、ただの予測、ということになるのですごく難しいですが、こんな例はどうでしょう?

① I'm going to marry her.
② I will marry her.

私だったら、①は、彼と彼女は相思相愛で結婚する予定(そうなるだけの状況がある)、と受け取ると思います。 でも②は、彼女の気持ちは関係なくて彼が勝手に思ってるだけでも(そうなるだけの状況がなくても)言えるし、「絶対彼女と結婚する!」という強い意志を表す文にもなりますよね。 もちろん人それぞれの受け取り方や会話の流れなどもあるので、ボーダーラインを引くことはできないですけど。。
う~ん、やっぱりあまり悩まない方がいいかもですね(笑)

Hi Riko,
もちろん全部覚えてるわけじゃないよ~。 初めて If +主語+ were to に出会った時は、見たこともない表現だったから、衝撃的な出会いだったの(笑) 話の内容は覚えてたけど、いつだったかはさすがに覚えてなくて、ちょっと探しました。 2つ目の例は嬉しいエントリーだったから覚えてた。
まぁ、そうだね。 言葉だから、いろんな解釈や表現があって、そこに人それぞれの個性が出るんだと思うよ。

Hi Kiyoko,
Yes, we did, and I ate 26 beans. Then, my son said, “You are a liar!” Ha ha ha..

Hi Q chan,
You are welcome! 確かね、Blue Dreamの質問だったと思う。 でも覚えてるのは説明だけで、その感覚は現在育て中です^^

See you soon,

Tomo

Hi everyone,

Here's my translation of the entry.

『新しいメンバーがまた増えて嬉しいよ。 みんながレギュラーメンバーになってくれるといいね。

私が先週出したクイズはかなり難しかったと思います。 ほとんどの人の基本的な文のパターンは合ってたけど、私の答えと同じ人はいなかったね。 文全体の意味を考えると、一番いい訳は・・

“What would you do if you knew that the world was going to end tomorrow?”

だと思います。 ‘if the world were going to end’ とするべきだから、これは間違いだと言う人もいると思うけど、でもほとんどのネイティヴスピーカーは、たぶん私が書いた文と同じように言うと思うよ。 仮定法の‘were’は、話し言葉ではだんだんなくなってきてるから。

何人か‘if the world would end tomorrow’と書いている人がいたね。 これは‘will end’と考えて、それを過去形にしたんだと思うけど、でも、もし現在で話してるとしたら、‘the world is going to end tomorrow’と言った方がもっと自然だと思う。 だから、過去形にするには‘is going to’を‘was going to’にすればいいよね。

‘will’と‘going to’は両方とも未来を予測する時に使えるけど、‘going to’は普通、何が現在に先を見通せるだけの根拠がある時に使われます。 例えば、空に黒い雲がたくさんあったら、‘I think it is going to rain.’と言うと思うし、‘I think it will rain.’は不自然に聞こえると思う。

「世界が終わる」という例は、話し手がどうしてそれが起こると思ったのか分からないから難しいね。 でも「世界の終わり」は、何かそう思うような実際の(本当の)理由がないと予測するものじゃないから、‘going to’の方が自然だと思う。 ごめんね、これ以上の説明はできないなぁ。。 でも、英語だと未来について話す‘will’と‘going to’の違いはとても曖昧で、専門家ですらあんまり理解していないんだ。 学習者は、まず基本が分かったら、後は2つの言葉がどんな風に使われているかの感覚を養わないとだね。

またあとで別のクイズを考えてみるね。 大学のテストは全部終わったから、これでもっと本に集中できるよ。 今は予定より進んでるから、少しだけリラックスする余裕もあるんだ。

じゃあ、またあとでね』


PS Appoh, what does ‘いづくんぞ~や’ mean? I've never heard of that.(←もちろん、「そんなの聞いたことがない」ではなくて、「それは聞いたことがないですね~」です(笑))

PPS Riko、そういえば、①~③の質問の答えは~?(笑)

Hi Tomo,

そこんとこ、サラッと流して読んでたよ〜。

I would say to him,
➀ I would believe him. I wouldn't refer him about her.
➁ If our relationship was still beginning with him, I would break up.

➂ If I had a good friendship with him at the time, I would forgive him.

What about you?

Kiyoko,
It was falling large flakes of snow at night. A lot of schools were absent. but my son's school still were open. Other day they were absent from school just in case. (but school was open) the snow just covered on the ground. They made a tiny snowman, and keeping it into a bucket in my rear garden. He is still alive! (lol)

Hi Tomo and Kazu,
Thank you for your comments about 'that' and 'it'.
You were a really big help.
I'm sure that made it clear! (←Attention please.)

By the way, "我未だ生を知らず、いづくんぞ死を知らんや" means "私は生まれることの意味もまだよくわかりません。それなのにどうして死ぬことの意味がわかるがわかると言えるでしょうか。" or "生も理解してないのに、まして死の意味なんてわかるわけないよ。" or " I don't know about the life yet. Why can I understand what the death is all about?"

This sentence is excellent but it may sound too formal or too old.

”いわんや~をや。 あり、おり、はべり、いまそかり”もありますよ~。

Appoh

Hi Hiro,
Welcome to this world. I'm glad to have you with us here. Would you like to hear my story? OK but let me think. I'll post it sometime soon. I don't want to hear you say "No thank you."

Hi Kiyoko,
I took a jazz dance lesson yesterday and a staff asked me to stay in the room after lesson. I wondered why but I said OK. Actually, my teacher bought us soy beans and roll of sushi. We enjoyed throwing beans and having sushi. What a surprise! Please don't ask me how many beans I ate.

Appoh

Hi Hiro,
Welcome to the blog! Glad to have you with us.

Hi Tomo,
Thanks for your translation!

Hi Appoh,
I've heard "あり、おり、はべり、いまそかり", but I don't know what it is and where it is from?! なんでしたっけ?
Thank you for giving me a chance to think about "that" and "it". いつもあまり考えずに感覚で使っていました。

By the way, how many beans did you eat yesterday? ;-)

Talk to you later.

Maki

I'm sorry.
×意味がわかるがわかると言えるでしょうか
〇意味がわかると言えるでしょうか

Hi Maki,
You might have learned "あり、をり、はべり、いまそかり" in classical Japanese. All of them mean just "be" but they change their forms depending on who you use them to. I mean honorifics or respect words. "いまそかり" can be the most respectful expression.

Anyway, are you sure you want to know my age?
I implied it somewhere in this blog before. Try to look at it.

Appoh

Hi Qchan,
Subject +will + be +~ing  についてですが、Tomoがすでに答えてくれているので、やめようかな、と思ったのですが、少しだけ、本で調べた事から。。。
1.Early next year I'll be presenting my research at an academic conference in London.
(来年早々、私はロンドンの学会で研究発表をすることになっている。)
2.Early next year I'll present my research at an academic conference in London.
(来年早々私は、ロンドンの学会で研究発表をします。)

*I will present よりI'll be presenting の方が「すでに決まっている」と言う強いニュアンスがある。

たぶん(違っていたらごめんなさい)、Davidの本、で進行形が近い将来のスケジュールについて話す時使われる、と言うところから、ではwill be ~ing(未来進行形)とbe ~ing〈現在進行形)の意味の違いは?となったのでは?
P23.
1.I'm going to take my driving test next summer.
(私は来年の夏ごろ免許を取るつもりです。)←発言者の意思
2.I'm taking my driving test next summer.
(私は来年の夏に免許を取ることになっている。)←近い将来のスケジュール

ここまではDavid の本に説明されている事ですね。
では、
3.I'll be taking my driving test next summer.はどうなのか?〈この文章は文法的に可能?)
(私は来年の夏には免許をとっています。)←意味は2と同じですが、3の方が来年の夏に基点があるような気がします。
Qchanの疑問から離れてしまったかもしれませんが、少し考えてみました。

Hi Appoh,
”昔男ありけり。。。”なんて言葉ありましたね。

Hi Hiro,
Welcome to the blog!
"was going to"は時制の一致でis going to→was going to となったものだと思いますよ。
There are a lot of ways to express , and it's interesting,right?

Hi kiyoko,
I ate sushi and beans yesterday; How many? hmmm....a lot!

Bye for now,

Anne

まず最初に…Hi Tomo,

I like this! You're making me think more & more! :)
>① I'm going to marry her.
>② I will marry her.
>私だったら、①は、彼と彼女は相思相愛で結婚する予定(そうなるだけの状況がある)、と受け取ると思います。 でも②は、彼女の気持ちは関係なくて彼が勝手に思ってるだけでも(そうなるだけの状況がなくても)言えるし、「絶対彼女と結婚する!」という強い意志を表す文にもなりますよね。まず最初に…Hi Tomo,

I like this! You're making me think more & more! :)
>① I'm going to marry her.
>② I will marry her.
>私だったら、①は、彼と彼女は相思相愛で結婚する予定(そうなるだけの状況がある)、と受け取ると思います。 でも②は、彼女の気持ちは関係なくて彼が勝手に思ってるだけでも(そうなるだけの状況がなくても)言えるし、「絶対彼女と結婚する!」という強い意志を表す文にもなりますよね。

今まで深く考えたことなかったけど、悔しいですがwill とbe going toをを完全に使い分けることができるにはまだまだ修行が足りないようです。Davidの次の本に期待を…。これだ!と言う例文が見つかることを期待して。:) あ、まず今の本買わなきゃね。

Itとthatの例も勉強になりました。問題なく使えても、いざ説明をとなると考えさせられます。(笑)その点、ここのメンバーはスゴイ!改めて御礼を・・・。

そっか~節分でしたね。すっかり忘れてました。子供の時は「もっと食べていい~?」って聞いてたと思うけど、今では「こんなに食べるの~?」って感じ。(笑)悲しきかな・・・

Hi Riko,
Thanks for answering the questions! I was just joking, ha ha. Me? I'll tell you about it later, maybe tomorrow;-)

Hi Appoh,
You are welcome! I'm glad I could help, and thanks for your explanation about ‘いづくんぞ~や.’ そんな深い味があるとは驚きでした!
By the way, about‘あり、おり、はべり、いまそかり’, It's ‘ラ行変格活用’, isn't it? Do you like classic literature? I was terrible with Japanese classics and Chinese classics when I was in high school..

Hi Maki,
Do you want to know Appoh's age? I know where the comment is;-)

Hi Kunchan,
やっぱりあの短い文で比較するのは無謀なチャレンジでしたね~。 Kunchanの解説、おもしろかったです。 特に‘わがままプリンスが他人と相思相愛の・・’←横取り大作戦?(笑) 私は②は、映画で‘彼女の気持ちはお構いなしケース’に出会ったのですが、‘いやいや承諾ケース’もありそうですね。 勉強になりました! 付き合ってくれてありがとうございます^^


Hi David and everyone,

I'm going to hold our third chat event tomorrow. If any of you are interested, you are all welcome. I hope some new people will join us too.

Date : Friday February 6th
Time : From 9:30 p.m. to 11 p.m. (You can join in and leave at anytime.)
Place : Chat room (You can get in the room if you click my name below.)

If you click the link, you'll be in the chat room. Type your name into the 'nickname' box, and click on 'join'. Then, you'll be able to post your comments.
Even if you don't have the courage to join us, you can still get into the chat room and read our conversation.

David, can you still afford to relax? I hope you can join us again even for a little while:)

Speak to you soon,

Tomo

Hi David,
Thank you for setting an interesting quiz.
I will try to keep in mind that I think first what I really want to say when I write in English.

Hi everyone,
I enjoyed reading the memmber's answers until David gave us his answer to the quiz.
Thank you.

Hi Appoh,
Now I remember "あり、をり、はべり、いまそかり" , though I don't remember anything more about Japanese classics...(^^;) Do you like it?

My Mom ate 7 beans and then 5 ones, so I was curious about how many you ate. Sorry to tease you! I guess you are in my generation. ;-)

Hi Tomo,
I'm looking forward to the chat event tomorrow! I will finish my work earlier than usual and will be ready for it before 9:30pm.;-)

Hi Kunchan & Tomo,
Both your explanations are interesting! Thanks!

Hi David,
How are the final stages for the books going on? Hope you can join the chat event again, even for a while.

Maki

Hi Maki,
We are in the same age? I'm glad to hear that. I watched YMO on Youtube last night. I guess you've heard their music.
I used to try to read through "Genji-monogatari" in the original in my school days. Be careful ! I only said " I used to try..."

Hi Tomo,
You're right. It's "Henkaku-katuyo". I'll give you "こ、き、く、くる、くれ、こよ". Please don't be upset!

Hi May,
I'm happy to hear from you. Your English sounds(or looks) elegant. It would be great for me if you also enjoyed my posts.

Hi there,
Can I ask what English word you like most?
I'm interested in "serendipity". I ran into this word on TV. This word is also the title of the movie. That movie was about a kind of romance.
Actually, I wasn't moved very moch by the story but the title struck me somehow. I didn't know the meaning so I checked my dictionary.
It means "the fact of something interesting or pleasant happening by chance".

Appoh

I'm sorry.

×very moch
〇very much

Appoh

Hi Appoh and everyone,

Your question is interesting and I tried it.
What come up to mind are two words except "remain".
I couldn't choose just one,I'm sorry.
Those are "diagonal" and "superstition".
Those are cool as same as "remain"
Somehow I like those words.
What about you all?

Kazu

Hi Tomo、
Look forward to tomorrow's chat event. By the way, what do we talk about?

Members, have fun !

Anne

Hi Anne,
Thank you for your words.
I know "昔男ありけり" from "伊勢物語". Muhuhu...
Japanese classical literatures are sometimes really mature and sexy. I remember I was embarrassed when I was younger so much younger than today.

Hi Kazu,
Thank you for your comment.
I didn't know "diagonal". It's a kind of line,isn't it? Would it be possible for you to share some stories around diagonal or superstition?

Appoh

Hi Maki,
I'm also looking forward to having a chat with everyone! I'll be sitting at my computer before 9:30 p.m.;-)

Hi Appoh,
Oh no, no more Japanese classics homework!(笑) "こ、き、く、くる、くれ、こよ", ..they mean 'come'(来)?
I'd never seen the word 'serendipity'. My favorite English word? I've never thought about it. Hmm, can you give me some time?
By the way, we are going to have some chat on the Net tomorrow. If you have time, please join us.(まぁ、女性パワーに圧倒されるかもですが(笑)、もしよかったらどうぞ^^)

Hi Kazu,
It's tomorrow night!(Can you make it?) Look forward to talking to you;-)

Hi Anne,
I don't have any topic for the chat this time, so we can talk about anything.(but I want to talk about something other than English study(笑)) We are going to have a lot of fun!

Tomo

PS Appoh, ‘when I was younger so much younger than today♪’← This line is from ‘Help!’, isn't it?

はーい、みなさんこんばんは。

明日のチャット楽しみにしています。
\(^_^)/はーい tomo 色々とありがとう~♪
ところでひとつ確認したい事が~(^_^;)
根本的なところの確認ですが~(^_^;) チャットって?
Tomo が言うチャットと私が思ってるチャットに違いが
あると言う事ないよね~? 何だか不安になって来ました。
まさかヘッドホーンとマイクが必要なんてことないですよね?
リアルタイムの文字情報交換ですよね?
パソコンさえあればいいんですよね?
パソコンひとつ用意すれば良いだけなら参加できます。
よろしくお願いしま~す\(^_^)/

Hi Kazu,

必要なものはパソコンだけです。 ヘッドホーンもマイクも要りません。 ただ同じ時間にパソコンの前に座って、文字を打つだけですよ~。
では明日の夜、午後9時半にパソコン前に集合でお願いします。 服装は自由です(笑)

Tomo, こちらこそ、ありがとう。:)
チャット明日ですか~。朝ジムに行く日だけど早めに切り上げれば後半30分ぐらい参加できると思います。楽しみ~。

Hi Maki。 I'm glad you enjoyed it! :)

Appoh, Kazu, and Maki are about same age... I think I'm also right in there. :)

Hi Apppoh,
I learned a new word! I also didn't know "serendipity."
I used to love 古典 when I was in high school! I once considered majoring in Japanese Classical Literature. I love the sound of it. Off course, I've forgotten it all. My memory capacity must be maxed out. it's deteriorating...

Hi Ann,
Thank you for your kind explanation.
I often see this form:Subject + will + be + ~ing ~.
in jaremaga . That's why I wanted to know the difference. I can understand the meaning but I can't make the sentence like that on my own
at the moment.

Annが調べてくれた例文、わかりやすいです。ありがとう。
1の方が「すでに決まっている」という強いニュアンスが出るんですね。 このニュアンスを自分が書くときに早く使いこなせるようになりたい!

Davidの本のP22~23は、Annが言ってくれたので見直すと
しっかり赤アンダーラインが入っていました。
読むとき、そうそう!って思ったところに赤ラインを引く習性が
私の家系にあるの(笑)
It runs in the family.←センターテスト問題でしたね。

will と going toの違いは、なんとなくわかって、なんとなく使えそうですが、その上にこれが加わるとなると。。。

Hi all,
I'm looking forward to chatting with you.

Hi Appoh,
My favorite English words (or phrases) are ‘meadow’ and ‘through the air’. I don’t know why. I just like the sounds.

Hi Qchan,
You are welcome! 私も調べて書きながら、本当のところ自分の物になっていないので、これからその文章に当たったときそうかな?と言う事で身に着けて生きたいと思っています。will とwill be ~ingは一例を挙げましたが、そのほかにも意味の違いがあるので、Tomoがいうようにカジュアルになることもあるし、なかなかむずかしいです。willとbe going toまではなんとか感覚をつかめて来ていると思いますがそれから先は、まだまだ。。です。

I'm taking~とI'll be takingの違いは次のDavidの本が出版される時内容に含まれていたらうれしいなー、と個人的には思いました。
ところで、私もDavidの本においてもそうですが、チェックするとすでにラインが、。。。書き込みが。。。と言う事があります。あー覚えてなかったのね、悲しい。。ということで。
I'm the only person to underline the importan sentences and excplanation in the book in my family.

Hi Appoh,
My favorite words(phrases) are " scent" and " a faint tenderness". I don't know why, though.
Hi Jazmin,
Your favorite word and phrase have really a bracing image and I like them,too!

Speak to you soon,

Anne

Hi again,
またやってしまいました、訂正です。
importan→important
excplanation→explanation


Anne

Hi Anne, Hi Q chan
As for ‘will be ~ing ’, I think it is used when you say a certain action is happening at a certain time in the future, and the action lasts for a limited period of time.
For example, I’ll be giving a presentation at this time tomorrow. (not all day long)

Hi Jazmin,
Thank you for your explanation!
"a certain action is happening at a certain time in the future"←"a certain time" is the key? I see! ひとつ賢くなりました^^)

Anne

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