コメント・トラックバックについて

• Commas to Link   （主語・述語動詞のそろった、独立のセンテンスどうしを区切ります）      

(a) Preferred stock is an equity security[,] but it ranks ahead of common stock in receiving dividends and in any cash distribution should a corporation be
dissolved.

(b) The bond-issuing company pays interest on the bonds at regular intervals[,] and they will have a specified value when they mature.

(c) A firm is not obliged to pay dividends to common stockholders if profits are low[,] so common stock is popular with new corporations facing an uncertain future.

(d) Brokers receive a commission each time they buy or sell securities for their clients[,] but they are prohibited from executing excessive trades for the purpose of generating commissions, i.e. churning.

• Commas to Set Off（主たる本体部分と従たる部分を区切るカンマです）

[Intros]
(a) For large corporations with tens of thousands of owners[,] keeping records on securities is a staggering burden. As a result[,] such corporations normally employ banks to act as their transfer agents.

(b) If the warrant price is lower than the price of outstanding shares[,] the warrants acquire a value of their own prompting stockholders to sell them.

(c) Although there are three Dow-Jones averages (for industrial, transportation and utilities)[,] the industrial average is the one most widely quoted.

[Series]
(a) A prospectus presents a company’s financial data for several consecutive
years[,] discusses its position in its industry[,] describes how it plans to use the funds raised by the securities sale[,] and summarizes other information that should help investors make their decision.

(b) I'd like to talk about the present[,] the past[,] and the future of our business.

• Commas to Bracket （削除可能な補足情報を括り出すカンマです）

(a) While a prospectus makes the official[,] or legal[,] offer a company typically runs an advertisement called a “tombstone” prospectus.

(b) Common stock[,] which all for-profit corporations must issue[,] is a security held by the corporation’s owners.

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