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★　地震がらみの言い回し

本震　major quake　 →　 The major quake lasted for about three minutes and was followed by a series of aftershocks.

弱い余震　mild/weak aftershocks 　 →　 Weak yet unnerving aftershocks continue to rattle Tokyo.

強い余震　after shock 　 →　There's a 70 percent of a major aftershock by Wednesday and a 50 percent chance by Friday.

揺れが続いた　the earthquake kept shaking　 →　The earthquake kept shaking for about 3 to 4 minutes.

（地震の）縦揺れ → a vertical shake

（地震の）横揺れ → a rolling jolt

震度６弱／強　 →　On Sunday, the 13th, meteorological authorities announced that there's a 70 per cent chance that a "major" aftershock with a lower 6 or upper 6 intensity on the Japanese scale of 7 will hit.

地震が来た時（過去形）　when the quake hit

（地震の）揺れ 　shaking 　 →　Where were you when the shaking began?

足をすくわれる（体が倒される）　be knocked off one's feet 　 →　The tremor was so powerful that I was knocked off my feet.

恐怖でうずくまる　cower in fear

恐怖で動けなくなる　be paralyzed in fear

（揺れで大きく）開いてしまった be flung open → The refrigerator door was flung open with food ejected far and wide in the kitchen.
引き出しが飛び出していた　drawers were thrown open → Some drawers were thrown open with the contents spilled on to the floor.

左右に大きく揺れる　sway from side to side → The tall floor lamp swayed from side to side and toppled over.

震度５弱／強 → lower/upper 5 [Japan's scale of seismic intensity ranges from 0 to 7, with 5 and 6 subdivided into lower and upper.]

震度５強 → The upper-5 registered in Tokyo's 23 wards is the fourth-strongest on the 10-point scale. (Mainichi Daily News)

震度 → seismic/quake intensity [Friday's earthquake recorded five, in Tokyo, on the Japanese scale of quake intensity.]
耐震基準 → quake-resistance standards [meet quake-resistance standards]

棚から本が飛び出す books flew out of the shelves
家具が倒れた　Furniture toppled over.

（テレビの）転倒防止装置 　a (TV) safety strap → The TV would have fallen off its stand were it not for the safety strap.

耐震ラッチ　(earthquake safety) latches → Be sure to secure the cabinet doors with latches to prevent them from flying open in a quake.

地震の衝撃を吸収するようになっている → designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake

免震構造のビル → an earthquake proof building

★　地震の被害と救援

泥で覆われる　coated with mud → The town's rice fields are coated with mud.

部屋中に散乱　scattered all over the floor

不幸中の幸い　a fortunate thing in unfortunate circumstances

防波堤　breakwater

護岸壁　seawall

破壊の傷跡　a trail of destruction → The tsunami caused by the earthquake left a trail of destruction.
倒壊／崩壊させる　crumple sth → The tsunami crumpled rows of houses.

がれきのまじった濁流　debris-laden black water → TV news repeatedly showed a wave of debris-laden black water coursing through the streets.

ガラス片　shards → Some of the windows shattered and shards were scattered all over.

救援活動　relief efforts　Relief efforts are hampered by destroyed roads and bridges.

住む所を失う　be made homeless → Some 450,000 people have been made homeless by Friday's earthquake and tsunami.

行方不明者　people unaccounted for

積み重ねられる　be stacked up on each other

避難所　relief shelter

高台　higher ground → The tsunami alert advised local residents to move to higher ground ASAP.

海の方に流される　be swept out to sea

津波警報　a tsunami alert

何かの悪臭がする　reek of sth → The place reeked of sea water and sludge.

津波がどこどこを襲った　a tsunami hit...

粉々にする　shatter sth　 →　 The floor lamp toppled, shattering the bulb.

がれき　rubble 　 →　Rescuers are searching people buried under the rubble.

孤立した生存者たち　stranded survivors 　 →　Stranded survivors are calling for help.

避難命令を出す　 issue an evacuation order

死亡者数　death toll 　 →　 The death toll from the tsunami and the earthquake is likely to rise to more than 1,000.

行方不明者数　number of people unaccounted for

懸念が深まる　concerns are mounting (over possible radiation leaks from nuclear plants located in the earthquake zone)

災害対策本部 　 emergency command post [set up an emergency command post]

★　交通関係

全面運休　totally shut down　 →　Some of the rail lines are totally shut down.

運転間隔　gaps　 →　Tokyo Metro is operating trains with longer gaps than usual.

運休する　cancel trains

不要不急の旅行　unessential and non-urgent trips

交通機関の遅れ　transportation delays　 →　Commuters faced numerous transportation delays.

間引き運転をする run on a thinned-out schedule　 →　Trains are running on a thinned-out schedule with irregular and longer intervals.

電車が止まっている　Trains are not running.

道路が通れない　roads are impassable

★　電気・水道

輪番／計画停電　rolling electricity outages, rolling blackouts, rotating outage, planned outage

地域別の計画停電　planned outage by segmented area

節電する　limit electricity use 　 →　The City Office is asking residents to limit electricity use.

電気が戻る the power is restored　 →　 How long will it be before the power is restored?

水の供給　water supplies 　 →　Hundreds of people are standing in line to receive water supplies.

（工事などで）断水する　water supply will be interrupted (for maintenance work etc.)

何々のせいで断水になった　water supply was cut off due to

★　原子炉関係

風下の地域　downwind direction 　→　 All relief workers were ordered to move out of the downwind direction from the nuclear site.

原子炉格納容器　reactor container vessel　→　The steel-and-reinforced-concrete reactor container vessel remains intact.

冷却装置　cooling systems　→　The reactors experiencing trouble with their cooling systems are being doused with water to prevent overheating.

★　その他

非常持出し箱　　grab and go box

非常持出しセット 　an emergency go kit

防災無線放送　emergency public address system

火事場泥棒　thieves who thrive in the confusion of a disaster

デマ　misinformation/false rumors 　→　 Some people, knowingly or not, are spreading misinformation on Twitter.

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