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★　地震がらみの言い回し

本震　major quake　 The major quake lasted for about three minutes and was followed by a series of aftershocks.

弱い余震　mild/weak aftershocks 　 Weak yet unnerving aftershocks continue to rattle Tokyo.

強い余震　after shock 　There's a 70 percent of a major aftershock by Wednesday and a 50 percent chance by Friday.（13日現在の話です）

揺れ 　shaking 　Where were you when the shaking began?

揺れが続いた　the earthquake kept shaking　The earthquake kept shaking for about 3 to 4 minutes.

縦揺れ　a vertical shake

横揺れ　a rolling jolt/lateral shake

✓　When the earthquake struck, a lateral shake occurred and then it was followed by a vertical shake.

✓　 It started as a gradual rocking that quickly escalated to major lateral jolts.

✓　A rolling motion means you are probably far away from the earthquake while a sharp vertical jolt means you are probably close to the earthquake.

✓　First there was a sharp vertical jolt and then it shook sideways for a long time and I was knocked off my feet.

✓　First, I felt a sharp vertical jolt and then a powerful sideways swaying.

✓　First there was a sharp vertical jolt and then it shook sideways for a long time and I couldn't stand up

震度６弱／強　On Sunday, the 13th, meteorological authorities announced that there's a 70 per cent chance that a "major" aftershock with a lower 6 or upper 6 intensity on the Japanese scale of 7 will hit.

地震が来た時（過去形）　when the quake hit

足をすくわれる（体が倒される）　be knocked off one's feet 　The tremor was so powerful that I was knocked off my feet.

恐怖でうずくまる　cower in fear

恐怖で動けなくなる　be paralyzed in fear

（揺れで大きく）開いてしまった　be flung open　The refrigerator door was flung open with food ejected far and wide in the kitchen.

引き出しが飛び出していた　drawers were thrown open　Some drawers were thrown open with the contents spilled on to the floor.

左右に大きく揺れる　sway from side to side　The tall floor lamp swayed from side to side and toppled over.

震度５弱／強　lower/upper 5 [Japan's scale of seismic intensity ranges from 0 to 7, with 5 and 6 subdivided into lower and upper.]

震度５強　The upper-5 registered in Tokyo's 23 wards is the fourth-strongest on the 10-point scale. (Mainichi Daily News)

震度　seismic/quake intensity [Friday's earthquake recorded five, in Tokyo, on the Japanese scale of quake intensity.]

耐震基準　quake-resistance standards [meet quake-resistance standards]

棚から本が飛び出す books flew out of the shelves

家具が倒れた　Furniture toppled over.

（テレビの）転倒防止装置 　a (TV) safety strap　The TV would have fallen off its stand were it not for the safety strap.

耐震ラッチ　(earthquake safety) latches　Be sure to secure the cabinet doors with latches to prevent them from flying open in a quake.

地震の衝撃を吸収するようになっている　designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake

免震構造のビル　 an earthquake proof building

地震計　seismic meter

★　地震の被害と救援

被災地　quake-hit area

前進基地　forward operating base

泥で覆われる　coated with mud　The town's rice fields are coated with mud.

部屋中に散乱　scattered all over the floor

不幸中の幸い　a fortunate thing in unfortunate circumstances

防波堤　breakwater

護岸壁　seawall

破壊の傷跡　a trail of destruction　The tsunami caused by the earthquake left a trail of destruction.

倒壊／崩壊させる　crumple sth　The tsunami crumpled rows of houses.

がれきのまじった濁流　debris-laden black water　TV news repeatedly showed a wave of debris-laden black water coursing through the streets.

ガラス片　shards　Some of the windows shattered and shards were scattered all over.

救援活動　relief efforts　Relief efforts are hampered by destroyed roads and bridges.

住む所を失う　be made homeless　Some 450,000 people have been made homeless by Friday's earthquake and tsunami.

行方不明者　people unaccounted for

積み重ねられる　be stacked up on each other

避難所　relief shelter

高台　higher ground　The tsunami alert advised local residents to move to higher ground ASAP.

海の方に流される　be swept out to sea

津波警報　a tsunami alert

何かの悪臭がする　reek of sth　The place reeked of sea water and sludge.

津波がどこどこを襲った　a tsunami hit...

粉々にする　shatter sth　 The floor lamp toppled, shattering the bulb.

がれき　rubble 　Rescuers are searching people buried under the rubble.

孤立した生存者たち　stranded survivors 　Stranded survivors are calling for help.

避難命令を出す　 issue an evacuation order

死亡者数　death toll 　 The death toll from the tsunami and the earthquake is likely to rise to more than 1,000.

行方不明者数　number of people unaccounted for

懸念が深まる　concerns are mounting (over possible radiation leaks from nuclear plants located in the earthquake zone)

災害対策本部 　 emergency command post [set up an emergency command post]

★　交通関係

全面運休　totally shut down　Some of the rail lines are totally shut down.

運転間隔　gaps　Tokyo Metro is operating trains with longer gaps than usual.

運休する　cancel trains

不要不急の旅行　unessential and non-urgent trips

交通機関の遅れ　transportation delays　Commuters faced numerous transportation delays.

間引き運転をする run on a thinned-out schedule　Trains are running on a thinned-out schedule with irregular and longer intervals.

電車が止まっている　Trains are not running.

道路が通れない　roads are impassable

★　電気・水道

電力の需給　power demand supply balance

電力の相互融通　wheeling of electricity

電力供給能力　For Thursday, while TEPCO's power supply capacity was 33,500 mega watts(MW), power demand reached a peak of 32,920 MW.

予想外の大規模な停電　an unscheduled, large-scale power outage

輪番／計画停電　rolling electricity outages, rolling blackouts, rotating outage, planned outage

地域別の計画停電　planned outage by segmented area

節電する　limit electricity use 　The City Office is asking residents to limit electricity use.

節電対策　power conservation measures

電気が戻る the power is restored　 How long will it be before the power is restored?

水の供給　water supplies 　Hundreds of people are standing in line to receive water supplies.

（工事などで）断水する　water supply will be interrupted (for maintenance work etc.)

何々のせいで断水になった　water supply was cut off due to

★　福島原発関係

建屋　outer building/the building housing the reactor/the building housing the containment vessel/primary shell/outer containment building

鉄骨　skeletal frame　A hydrogen explosion blew off the upper parts of the outer building, leaving only a skeletal frame.

原子炉格納容器　reactor container vessel　The steel-and-reinforced-concrete reactor container vessel remains intact.

原子炉圧力容器　reactor pressure vessel/reactor vessel

圧力抑制室　suppression pool　A large doughnut-shaped “suppression” pool with tons of water is used for emergency cooling.

使用済み核燃料プール　spent fuel pool

燃料被覆管　fule rod cladding　Exposure of spent-fuel rods to air could result in fracturing of the fuel rod cladding and escape of dangerous radioactive fission products.

プールの水位を保つ Emergency workers are having trouble maintaining water levels at the spent fuel pools.

燃料棒が露出する　At one time the fuel rods were fully exposed. But the workers managed to cover the fuel rods with water halfway by 9:30 PM.

過熱　overheating　Emergency workers are battling to prevent fuel in the reactors from overheating.

弁を開く　open a valve to release pressure

放射性の蒸気を放出　The blast vented radioactive steam into the atmosphere.

冷却装置　cooling systems　The reactors experiencing trouble with their cooling systems are being doused with water to prevent overheating.

電源の回復　Restoring power should enable engineers to restart the pumps which send coolant through the reactors and the pools where spent fuel rods are stored.

送電線を敷設する　Engineers are installing power cables to supply electricity from Tohoku Electric Power Co.’s power grid to the troubled nuke plant.

MOX燃料を搭載　No. 3 reactor is a greater threat since it is the only one at the site loaded with MOX containing plutonium.

MOX燃料　A highly-dangerous "mixed-oxide" (MOX) fuel is present in six percent of the fuel rods at the plant's Unit 3 reactor—the one exploded on the 14th.

風下の地域　downwind direction 　All relief workers were ordered to move out of the downwind direction from the nuclear site.

発電能力　Ten gas turbine generators are on their way to replace lost power generating capacity.

臨界に達する　Frantic efforts are made to put out a fire at one reactor and to cool others at risk of overheating and reaching criticality.

★　放射能関係：「放射性物質」が懐中電灯なら、光が「放射線」で、懐中電灯のパワーが「放射能」

大気に放出される　If the rods catch fire, a mix of radioactive elements can spew into the atmosphere.

放射性煙流　The release of MOX into the atmosphere would produce a more dangerous radioactive plume than the dispersal of uranium fuel rods.

再度臨界に達する　Boric acid could help to prevent restart of nuclear fission in the damaged core.

放射線　radiation　To put in an analogy, a flashlight is a radioactive material and the light from a flashlight is radiation.

原子力安全・保安院　Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency

最大許容被曝量　The maximum allowable exposure to emergency workers at the Fukushima plant has been increased to 250,000 microsieverts.

放射性の蒸気　radioactive steam

防護マスクを付ける　wear a protective mask

最大の懸念　The most concern surrounds Cesium-137, which has a half-life of 30 years and can be inhaled.

被曝の危険を冒す　brave the risk of radiation exposure

放射性汚染を広げる　spread radioactive contamination

放射線検査　Radiological screenings have so far detected no dangerous or harmful levels of radiation.

放射能検査をする　scan sth/sb for radiation　Some evacuees were scanned for radiation.

内部被曝　Some drugs can reduce the impact of internal contamination but not wholly eliminate it.

ヨウ化カリウム剤　The limitations of potassium iodide, including its side effects, are sufficient that experts say those living outside the evacuation zone shouldn't bother.

★　その他

食料品を買い急ぐ　scramble to stock up on staples

非常持出し箱　　grab and go box

非常持出しセット 　an emergency go kit

防災無線放送　emergency public address system

火事場泥棒　thieves who thrive in the confusion of a disaster

デマ　misinformation/false rumors 　→　 Some people, knowingly or not, are spreading misinformation on Twitter.

事態は非常に流動的だ　The situation is extremely fluid.

普段の生活に戻る　resume normal life

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